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LIBRARY OF CONeRESS. 

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'sh.elf'.0--6 ^ 

UNITED Sl^ATES OF AMERICA. 



fl THEHTISE.^^^ 




Negro Colonization. 






\ Plan for Colonizing- all the Negroes in the United 

States on Foreign Territory. Y^ 



\ 



' 



-^ TilE-HTIgEK^ 






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^ro Colonization. 



-) ' \^ <\ — '^= — '-'-^ — ^^- )A- A^ cOPYRlGHr 



. DEC 1 '88«, )/7 



A Plan for Colonizing' all the Negroes in the United 
States on Foreign Territory. 

/ . 



» o 6 ^^ 



To. 



Dear Sir •— Believina that you are humaneiy and favoraljly inclined in 
the matter of Negro (-'olonizition,p:^rmit rae to subruir for your examina- 
tion some facts and rffiectlone-, of my own, on this subject ftom which it 
will be perceived the duty of carrying out such an enterprise Is wholly 
predicated upon the general uovernment, as being alone adequate to its 
eflficient accoinplishraont. 

Individual action will accomplish no more in this, than similar action 
did on the part of humane individuals, by emancipating their own, in frea- 
ipg the entire negro popuiation before the war, practically it wili amount 
to but little, and can uever fulhll the ends in view, let us lay our scheme 
before Congress, and ask the (jiovernmeut, in behalf of the people, to carry 
it out. 

uctober 20, 1888. THE ATJIIIOR. 



BE TT 1?.EMEMB:]:RED, That jn tha '20th dxy ol 

October, \.D. 188 \ has 

depfTSJtQd in this office the title of a Book, in the 
foiiowin'^^ords, to wit. : ''Treatise on Megro Colo- 
nization^'' in confor'nity with the laws of the 
United ^t^tt■are^peotin^ copy rights. 

A.R. SPOFFORD, 
, Librari-m of Coi gress. 



N Treatise en I^^epro (LolonizoHori. 



\j 



On the 18th of February, 1825, Hon. Rufus King, a Sen- 
ator from the State of New York, in the United States 
Congress, offered a resolution of which the following is a 
true extract : — ''The whole of the public land of the United 
States, with the net proceeds of all future sales thereof 
shall constitute and form a fund which is here))y appro- 
priated, and the faith of the United States is pledged that 
the said fund shall be inviolably applied, to aid the eman- 
cipation of such slaves within any of the United States and 
to aid the removal of such slaves and the removal of such 
free persons of color in any of the said States, as by the 
laws of the States respectively may be allowed to be 
emancipated, to any territory or country without the limits 
of the United ^tatts of America " 

Tiie resolution was read and on motion of Mr. Benton, 
of Alissouri, ordered to be printed. [Seuiite Journal, second 
session, 18th Congress, 1824-'5, page 171, and Congresional 
Debates, second session, 18th Congress lbt24-'o.] 

The time has now more fully arrived when the spirit and 
purpose of Senator King's resolution should be carried 
into effect by the (iovernment of the United States, there 
being no slaves, but some seven millions of *• free persons 
of coJor '" within the said States who are the same persons 
and their descendants referred to in the resolution, as 
quoted above, which persons ought now to l)e colonized 
not from a fund formed by tiie net proceeds of the saies of 
the public lands, but by approi)riations from the public 
Treasury for reasons hereinafter assigned and in the fol 
lowing manner or by some better plan : 

The late civil war between the States that freed the 
negroes from slavery cost the country. North and >outh, 
it has been estimated ni ne bi/li >hm o! dollars ; and by as- 
suming that the slave population at the beginning of the 
war or rather by the census returns of ISdi), was :5,1»5:{,700, 
and free negroes 487 0:>(>. making a total cokuvd i)opiilation 
at that timo of 4,441 Tod, which shows that each slave freed 
by tlie operation of w.sr was $2,270 82 per capita, when one- 
third oi this sum w<mld have more than freed every soul 
of them by purchase and peaceful emancipation and by 



estimating the interest on the public debt from first to last 
and the pension roll^ and other contingencies growing out 
of the war and changed conditions of the Government, it 
will be found that these, all combined, will swell the 
amount to double the above figures of nine biUi'ns of 
money. And unless the aforesaid free persons of color, 
now citizens of the United States, will consent to fill a suh- 
ordinate condition among the white citizens, there is 
nothing, it must be confessed, more certain than that a 
war of races, sooner or later will arise, nobody wants it, 
or seeks it, whi e on the other hand nobody can pre\ ent 
it, and when such a war comes it will again cost th- coun- 
try untold millions of money and doubtless njany millions 
of lives. The n-gro, it may be proper here to state, has 
ever been the entire cause of the sectional disturbance and 
ever will be the cause of all the trouble between the North 
and the South, and for this reason alone he should be 
eliminated, to sav nothing of his horrid untameabie na 
ture, a- is so repeatedly evidenced by the unofficial record 
and decrees of "Judge Lynches court," and of constant 
race conflicts. 

Negro colonization should, therefore, be at once adopted 
and made the policy of ihe entire country and vigorously 
carried into effect, while it may be done in a time of peace 
and at comparatively small cost — if we consider the great 
object to be attained. The longer delayed the more diffi- 
cult and costly it will become. Besides it is not fair nor 
just, ethnologically nor socially to thrust the burden of 
all these millions of adverse and inharmonious incompe- 
tents upon the shoulders of a superior and distinct race of 
people, who have had to devise the ways and means of 
government, for aU. and to legislate for all, and to provide 
the means and measures for its maintenance and defence, 
as well as to develop, improve and build up the country, to 
say nothin^c of its original acquisition by arms, a,nd the ex- 
f)enditure of much precious blood and vast sums of tre.i sure, 
to which the colored race of people contributed neitlier the 
one nor the other, by any voluntary patriotic acts on their 
parts, their involuntary labor as slaves may have indirectly 
aided in the d velopmejit of the Southern States agricul 
turally. While the net usufiuct, during which time of 
slavery, was mostly transfered to the Northern and West- 
ern States for manufactured goods machinery and other 
needed commodities, an I was amon-r the chief sources of 
their wealth and advancement, but to both of these sec- 
tions the w^ealth thus acquired was more than lost in the 
late war, which resulted in the slaves' freedom ; and which, 
war, slave rv Avas the direct and entire cause The DOor 



slaves in all these transactions from their capture in Africa 
and shipment to America and their descendants born in 
this country were made to play an unwilling part in which 
they had neither volition nor control from beginning to 
end. They are now by thejiat of war, made free men and 
citizens, yet they lack much ; their future destiny is still 
in the hands, and under the control of the white race. 
They want, and must have a home ofthf ir own, and a sep- 
erate autonomy. To procure which, is the object of this 
paper, and which object has engaged the author s long 
and earnest thoughts, though by no means weded to any 
particular plan so long as the grand purpose is attained, 
he would be more than content, he would rejoice ; and so 
should the Nation, and every negro, UMtrk^^tnd -female, 
should bless his God. and glory in his final good fortune — 
should his segregation ever be accomplished. 

It cannot be said that the Avhite man is not fully ade- 
quate to the ends of good government, it being an '' ex- 
]iti Imenium cracis,'^ with him, he does not require the 
negro's assistance in any sense, while but few, if any will 
be found to assert that the negro alone, or yoked as he is, 
and necessarily must be, in rear of the former, is ailequate 
to any of the elements of good govermi ei^t, such as that he 
now enjoys under the United States ; if. on the otlier hand, 
ho is capable, then we are not giving him a fair chance to 
develop these higher qualities by keeping him here 
where his position must ever be a subordinate one in many 
respects, and where in the long lapse of time, to say the 
least, there will be great danger of his being again enslaved 
or externunated, as a war of races, once started distinctly 
as such, would never cease until one of two things would 
result, either extermination, or slavery to the vanquished. 

The rather wild and chaotic idea of attempting to bring 
together the extremes of mankind, (the white and the 
blac's races,) upon a common level of political e^iuality, 
while the one is, and must ever be, debared social equality, 
is an absurdity, to say the least of it, and only an igno- 
ramus in ethical and ethnological science and philosophy 
would think of it in that light, as it raises a direct antag 
onism between the races and renders the whole scheme 
eternally impossible and undesirable Theabhorent sug- 
g- stion made some years back, in the hal s of Congress 
of absorptio' I, by. amalgamation — otherwise called "misce- 
genation " or more properly misc gtueraiioii, as .i Tueaiis 
of negro extinguishment can never be ; it is against the 
laws of Nature, especially in its higher and purer sense, 
such co'iLci scendence would be fatal »nd ruinous — extermi- 
nation would be far preferable to the higher race : Blood 



mining is alone the act of the vicious, that we occasionally 
see among- us, as ^nanifested by the presence of repulsive 
mongrels which can never be approved by the wise and 
virtuous. This class of hybrids is in no sense desirable and 
affords no descent grounds for any hope of escape in that 
direction. 

If it be true that the negro is increasing in the United 
States ./Zyft per cent faster than the white man, with im- 
migration superadded, which seems to be proven by the 
census returns of 1880, which gives, white population 29 20 
per cent increase, and colored popu'ation 34.67 per cent 
increase within the decade from 1870 to 1880, showing -t 
ditlerence of 5.47 per cent, increase in favor of the black 
over the white population of the country, and that the 
negroes now largely outnumber the whites in several of 
the Southern States, and that, it is asc^erted, where there 
will be a majority of that class of persons in nin^ of those 
States at the close of the present century, a period only 
twelve years from date, and at this rate of increase and 
fecundity within a century, or less, the negroes will have 
entire control ot all the "the cotton States "' of this Union 
by a very large majority in numbers Living as they Are 
under the shadow of the white uicin's protection by and 
through his ingenuity and enterprise, which affords the 
negro employment and ample means for subsistence, his 
present rate of increase, it is reasonable to suppose, will be 
fully maintained for centuries to come, or so long, at least, 
as the superior race continues to prosper and to control — 
a rate the negro would not keep up if alone, as is shown 
on the large and fertile continent of Africa, and also in the 
West India Islands, or wherever he has become isolated ; 
But here for the foregoing reasons the white man. it would 
seem, will have to retire from " the Gulf States," at least, 
and be driven out of his own land by the force of numbers 
alone when this fine country will be abanboned to the 
negro and this part of the United States that but recently 
cost so much of life and treasure to save as a whole, will 
then become seperated and formed into a second Africa, 
and thus commercially lost to the world and civilizatiori. 
The negro, while exercising the equal "right of suffrage," 
and of bearing arms, he will naturally want to monopolize 
all public offices and will seek to govern and control 
the country of his residence, and that too with a tyranni- 
cal hand, as is his nature to do But will this save him ? 
Under such a state of things the white citizens could no 
longer remain in security of property or saf' ty oi person 
Then the great question and issue will come up, will the 
Qegro be allowed to hold in peaceful possession a jurisdic- 



tion thus acquired V Will the superior race tamely submit 
and retire ?— hardly ; wh;itever the discrepancy in num- 
bers ; what must follow V War! What then? Re-enslave 
ment or extermination. 

" For freeiora's battle once be^un, 
Bequeat'i'd by blesdin? sire to son, 
Though bafflod, oft is ever won." 

The two uncongenial races, it is plain cannot live in 
juxtaposition on terms of equality, they are even now 
ioeiiigerent and are killing each other in many parts of the 
country, more especial :y in the South, where the experi- 
ment is being- better tested than elsewhere from the fact of 
there being greater numbers associated (that is equalized 
numbers.) See the New York World of June 10th, 18b8— an 
article, — '' Disguised as a negro. A Wo) Id reporter blacks 
up and tries the small hotels. Isot one will take him in 
as g lest,'" showing the back skin, the shure proof of race 
distinction is a.s obnoxious to the whites of the North as to 
their brethren in the South. 

The people of the Northern and Western States wilV, 
however, have to move in this matter of negro coloniza 
tion, and upon them and their alvocacy it will mainly de- 
pend it ever carried out, as from that quarter of our com- 
mon country, it is needless to repeat, we look for the sen- 
timent and action, in the future, as in the past, that must 
shape the de.-^tinies of tiie Republic, as the Southern land- 
holder, notwitiistiindhig the facts (,f liace hostility, Avill 
never consent to par b with the negro— come weal or' woe — 
while he — the white man — owns an acre of las-d he Avill 
want the negro to cultivate it for him and will be as loth 
to yield him up as a free man as he was when the ne;.:ro was 
Ills slave. They only "beg the question," who hold that 
the negroes are wanted here for their labor : The negroes 
thejuselves are rapidly entertaiidng other and far differ- 
ent views—holding ollice and that of becoming a potent 
politica: element in the affairs of this Government are 
' bu-ii/ bees" in their theoretical bonnets. 

it is for the bes interest of the colored man, as well as 
the white man, v/ith a sincere desire to place the colored^ 
man, att«irhis long term of servitude in a position rhat 
will turn the lesson of serv tudj to his final good, at all 
events to put him in a position, as a free man, promising 
the best auguries for his redemption and elevation among 
the different human families of the Earth, an! if he fails, 
it will forever settle the question of his competency for 
enlightened self government, and will at the same time fix 
his natural statii.> among the races of human kind. 



L 



It is possible the cost of colonization might be greater 
th ID estimated in the following approximative scheme aad 
it migiit require a longer time for its exec3ution than sup- 
posed, but should it cost double the sum, or if the emigra- 
tion should require twice the time stated, it might be all 
the better ; on the other hand should the nation b-^^come 
impatient, by doubling the means could finish the job in 
a decade ; but in any event, it should be promptly a i opted. 
The estimates make no pretentions to accuracy tf detail, 
they merely form an attempted skeleton to w^ork upon ; 
for instaice, the supposition is that each transport ship 
can be built ior |2a0,U00, this may not be half enough, but 
this should make no difference when we come to consider 
the Nation's constantly increasing ability ana the granduer 
of the object to be attained 

As a further p re-requisite to tho adoption and execution 
of this plan ; an amendment to the Constitution would, 
perhaps, have to be obtained in the usual way, giving au- 
thority for the executio i of these measures, and to over- 
come race or individual objections should such be mani- 
fested iu opposition to the general plan for '' the gene rdl 
welfare'' : Under this head, however, there seems to be 
constitutional warrant. 

Twenty transport steamships capable of carrying, be- 
sides Oiiicers and cr -w, not less than 1,300 emigranis each, 
and making two trips per month from the Gulf and At- 
lantic ports, thence to liayti, Jamaica and Amazonia, up 
the Arna^zon.river^in i^razil (restoring th-it name to the 
maps ) and all who might desire to go lo Liberia, ( Africa) 
by "this means removing, at least, 500,000 persons per 
annum, at which, rate in eighteen years 9,000,000 or the 
entire negro population of oar country ; thereby forever 
ridding the United States of this disturbing and inharmo- 
nious element of momentioas and alarming aspect, and of 
threatening import. 

To this end the riDvernment should negotiate the pur- 
chase of adequite territory from the respective Govern- 
ments, as follows • 

Brazil 3O,OD0,O0a Acres. For say S6,00000). 

nayti l-2,(>00,000 " " " 2,400,OjO. 

Jiinaica 2,003,000 " " " 4 1-3,0110. 

Africa 5,00 V'OO " " '* 1,010,00. 

( Add for rooks, ro.ids aad river beds, &(i.,&a.,2ii per cent.) 2,4 >0,000. 

12,000,000. 12,i00,000 

Total, 61 0000,00. Slsty-oae milii 3QS acres for. 

twelve 'niilioas dollars, in r.-)U.i I mi a'") sr*, wliiih is eqaxl to 95 31-2^ 
sqai.we miles, or three huadrel aai niue ailes dqaire, nearly, ct territory. 



if located in one body, and which at twenty cents per acre equals twelve 
niiiiions and »wo liundrcd thousAnd dollars. 
Thri colonists should bo disu Ibuted somewhat as follows : 

Hay ti -J.-W^ooo. 

Jamaica 5<K»,0i)0 

Amazonia 4,U0(),000 

Liberia, (Africa,) 2.0iKl,(.KH.). 

Equals 9,000,000. 

In Hayti, Jamaica and Liberia, there are already estab- 
lished many neg-ro homes under local governments. The 
colony in Amazonia could receive all the freed people of 
color under the Brazilian Government, as it would be well 
for them to unite, that government making the necessasy 
arrangements to that end, by adding territory, &c. ISuch 
colonies would be near neighbors and might confederate 
as a union of negro states, for mutual protection, and such 
a union would have a tendency to stimulate each other by 
competition in the race of industry and enterprise among 
the several states in the development of the arts and 
sciences, literature and civlization, and by the application 
of these to the well being of their respective common- 
wealths. 

They might readily establish annual exhibitions, first 
in Hayti, she bein*,- the oldest in autonomy ; next in Ja- 
maica, and lastly in Amazonia, and so on continually, and 
in after years when these states shall be well advanced, all 
being conveniently situated, their citizens might steam 
across the Atlantic and exhibit with their brethren in their 
original home and juother country 

*^ These ai'r.mgements for the colored people would be 
most fortunate and suc'h as no other people have had in 
the outset of their nationality, and moreover this would 
make a complete thing and a happy finality of the entire 
negro question, and of slavery in America, both North and 
South 

Ail tliese colonies, if located as 'ndicated, would be nearer 
to Africa, (wliich country jniis!" ever be reg.irded by the 
colored pe )ple everywhere with peculiar interest as the 
mother country of the race,) than any other parts of the 
American continent North and South, being situated in a 
congenial climate and fertile soil. The colored people 
should embra,ce such an opportunity, if offered, with zeal 
a;ivl proaiofcness • Here they would be left alone to work 
out their destiny free from all race interference and perse- 
cation These colonies should be self sustaining within a 
very short period, if not, from the beginning ; three of tliem 
being within a few days, or hours, sail from the points 
of embarkation, besides many of such emigrants being 
already in possession of considerable wealth, which could 
be transmitted in money and much of it in kind. 

Under these operations the Southern States would be 



10 

gradually filled up by an incoming homogeneous class of 
citizens quite as fast as the colored population retired, 
the want of which has been, and yet is, the source of all 
sectional bad feeling, and at the close of eighteen years 
those States w^ould be far better off — more prosperous and 
wealthy than ever before, and which would be permanent; 
on the other hand should these precautionary measures be 
neglected, we have a right to be fully imi:)ressed with the 
belief that the xlmeri.'an people for their folly and blind- 
ness will cause the allwise Creator of Heaven and Earth 
to feel disappointed wdth them, and Who will not be recon 
ciled for their unpardonable neglect, in this respect, and 
which fatal omission on their part may confound them as 
a Nation and a people. This is a pivotal question, as race 
persecution will surely become rife, a.nd retaliative in the 
course of time, and it may be very soon. 

Divide these emigrants into families, or households, of 
ten each and allot to each of such families fifty acres of 
land, and where there is no water wells will have to be 
dug or cisterns built, to be equally shared by each mem- 
ber thereof, with a house thereon adequate for shelter only 
— with one year" s supply of provision -and no more -with 
a clear understanding of these facts, — leave the colonists 
to shift for themselves in future. In this way we shall 
have done our who e duty and a noble part by them. 

For the want of sufficient data, any specific detail will 
be avoided of the necessary expenditure, only giving in 
general terms the amount of the outfit, as folio vv^s : 

Twenty transport steamships with a carrying capacity 
of not less thau twelve hundred emigrants each — plus 
officers and crew. 

Tsventy steam sa,wmills, of say, forty horse power each ; 
forty engineers ; two hundr^ed carpeaters ; four hundred 
axemen and laborers. 

Four land surveyors, with men and outfit. 

T\venty ox wagons and forty yoke of oxen, with drivers 
complete. 

One hundred camp tents, for outpost duty, all of which 
should precede the emigrants by six months, at least 

A commissioner to sui^erintend emigration at each 
port and colony. 

The first year's outlay, including |4. 000, 000 for twenty 
ships and §12,000 000 for territory v/ould be about $71,000,- 
OJO, and for each year thereafter about .$")5,000,000, aggi'e- 
gating (.$1,000,000,000,) one billion and six millions of dol- 
lars, or say in round numbers one billion of m ney, aver- 
aging per capita §111.00, assuming 9,000,00 J as the number 
to be removed and colonized, a sum the Nation could supply 



11 

without serious inconvenience, ranging through a course 
of eighteen years ; small indeed for such a grand deliver- 
ance. 

This plan, if put into execution, would open up on the 
Amazon, a hitherto inaccessible wilderness country of great 
density of forest growth and inexhaustable fertility of soil, 
that could never, perhaps, be reached and reclaimed and 
made the habitation of man in any other way, by any 
o'her race of men. The timber alone if sawn into lumber 
and shipped to the different ma,rkets of the world would 
be of great value, and would pay a large profit to those 
engaged in that sort of traffic. It w^ould especially aid the 
emigrants with a great and lucrative industry in their 
homes, and at the beginning of a new life, and finally, we 
may here say, while it is quite clear, from all the facts in 
the case, that the negro, " by hook or by crook," in our 
hands has been a very expensive article to handle, from 
first to last, yet it has not been by his act, except recently, 
and thus far we have but little to charge him with. The 
fault of his being here, the cost of his freedom and of get- 
ting him away, if it shall ever be done, lies at our door and 
is ours wholly, his dei^ortation and colonization should 
command the most serious consideration, on the part of 
every statesman in the land and the active co-operation 
of every man, woman and child in the United' States, 
whether fhey be whi e or black. 

The Hebrews must have numbered three and a half 
millions of people, having an army of six hundred thous- 
and men, this host managed to get up out of Egypt en 
mci^se* 

After the Romans captured Cornith, 13. C, 14''>, the slave 
trade market was transfered from the former city to DeJos', 
a Cxrecian island in the 2E :;eiin sea and snch was the extent 
and completeness of the business, according to Strabo^ that 



* Exodus, Chap. XII ; Vs. -<!. Ami it came to pas? at the end of four 
hundred and thirty years, even the self same day. it came to pass, that all 
the hosts of the Lo~d went out of the land of E^ypt. 

Verse 42. It is a night to be much observed for hringintr them out of the 
land of Egypt. '1 his is the night to be ob.served by all the children of 
I.sreil in their gener ition-^. 

Elsewliere the Bible a .-count says : Genesis, XV Chap., Verse 13 Know 
of a surety th it thy seed shall be a str^.ngor in a land that is not theirs, 
and .-liall serve th ?m ; and th'iy shall afflict them four hundred years. 

Kxoilu-, Chap. Xf, Verse 4. And Moses said, thus saith the Lord. 
About midnight will I go out in the midst of Egypt. Verse 5 And all the 
fi st born in tae land of Egypt shall die, from 'he palace down to the 
maid servant that is behin<l the mill; and al' the fi-st born of beasts 

Why did Moses wish to inform the people of the hour, and why should 
that tiour be ar, midnight wnen all were souudly asleep? except It waa 
that the Hebrew h;»sts should take advantage o*" it to discomfit theiir 
enemies, the Egyptians, to slay them'and their beasts. 



12 

ten thousand slaves could be received in a day and shipped 
the same day, and if it were continuous, was equal to 
3,650 000 per annum. Surely this great American JN^ation 
could transport quite as many, aii acting willingly and 
conjointly, at which rate, in two years and six months 
9,125,000 '"'Freedmen" could be conveyed and colonized, 
but it would not be necessary to be so expeditious, and the 
above facts are merely cited to show how feasible the plan 
is, in order to silence those who cry out : ''Impossible^ it 
caiiH he doue, &c 

Let it not be inferred, for one moment, that the author 
is an enemy to, or has any ill feelinj^ against the colored 
people of this country, but to the contrary, he stands 
ready and willing \>o advocate an appropriation, for this 
purpose, as any mm in the coiiutry. He is willing to ap 
prove the expeaiiture of ')!ie billion of dollars in the effort 
to procure them a home of their own, wiiere they may 
dwell under the shade of their own vine and lig tree, and 
none shall dare make them afraid; in this direction the au 
thor is willing to go as far as he who goes farthest While 
recognizing fully the natural distinction and the impass- 
able social gulf that lies between the white man and the 
black. 

It may be truchfu'ly said, whether the American 
negro is really iit for free citizenship or not, he 
eercainly has b33n greatly benefltteJ by his late condition 
of slavery and is nov7 the most advanced negro on the globe 
and is far ahead of the very best to be found on the entire 
coutinent of Africa rfis subjugation here has brought 
him greater good than could have been conferred upon him 
in any other way in the same time, but Vv^hether he will 
holt! these benefits permanently, and for all time, is among 
the unsolved problems of the ui known future ; thus far it 
seeai^ doubtful, yet vva mast nob allov\r this doubt by any 
means, to interfere with a fair trial to bring him forward. 
in some such manner as has been suggested, though his 
future outcome, after we shall have put him in the way, 
will rest v/ith himself entirely 

Abraham, the Jewish patriarch, a,nd his descendants, 
the Israelites, sprang from a nieghboring nation,* situ- 
a,ted at no great distance from the house of their bondage, 
who may have been not wholly dissimilar to the Egyp- 
tians themselves, who, it is said", held the Abrahamic peo- 
ple in vassalage for a term of four hundred and thirty 

Gene»is, Chap XI, Verse S8 " And Haran died before his father Tera.h, 
iu the Ian 1 of his nK,rivit7ia LJr of the Chafdf^es." 

This Ur ijf the Caalaees is saopposed.to have beea near to Arabia, or 
ptrhaps, witliiu its borders. 



13 

yeirs, a far greater length of time than the negroas wert* 
held in slaver3% first in the Colonies and afterwards in the 
United States of America, which began in 1620, by the im- 
portation of twenty slaves from Africa to Jam.estown, Va., 
and which in 1049 we learn, had increased to '' 3 JO negro 

* servants, ■' and which system of negro slavery was declared 
forever abolished Avithin the jurisdiction of the United 
States by President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation of 
January 1st. 1863, and ratified by the States interested, 
after the close of the Civil War in 1835. as then held in fif- 
teen states of the American Union, numbering full four 
millions of people, who, it vv^as claimed by those in author- 
ity, had assimilated in enlightenment and intelligence, to 
the governing race, as to fit them for the exercise of the high- 
est citizenship (of the correctness of this vie w,however,many 
of the ablest and best informed citizens of our oountry enter- 
tain the gravest doubts,) this barbarian race, but condi- 
tionally semi-civilized people, it will be observed, was held 
in servitude here not quite one-half the time the Israelites 
were eld in Egypt, notwithstanding the most marked race 
differences that is possible to be, between the late masters 
and slaves with us. The Jews never became citizens of 
Egypt, but were always held in a state of subordination 

•rhere, though Ave have evidence of the fact thcit some of the 
Hebrews rose to tlie highest places of public trust and dis- 
tinction . until the " Bx >dus," proving conclusively that 
different nationalities, — and fa-r less races, — do not har- 
m )nize nor associate under one polity, but adverse social 
conditions, on terms of peace and safety, there are no 
known instances that the author is aware of in history of 
their havinac done so, for any length of time, except, per- 
haps, under the military organization and government of 
Genghis Kiian, and his immediate successors; Avho enforced 
religious toleration and equality. Why have we not made 
a citizen of the American Indian (Red Man), Ave ha^ve had 
quite as long acquaintance and equal experience Avith him 
as AAdth the negro and yet the prevailing sentiment ap- 
pears to be "extermination " as to him. The Red Man is 
t ibooed and declared a nuis.ince, toAvards Avhom there is 

•little or no sympathy either felt, or expressed. Why have 
the Chinese so recently been debarrcvd from coming to and 
settling in our country, CA^en as laborers? it is becau.-!e, it is 

I ailirmed, of ra?.e incompatibility, notwithstanding our 
recent proud boast of America being the asylum and home 
of all the onpres.^ed nationalities of Karth. The Jews, 
who have been forced to try all countries, are yet a distinct 
people in each, and so of the ancient Persians, as seen in 
the Paraees^iYie ancient Egyptians as seen in the C-pts; the 



14 

Turks, the Arabs, the Mongolians, the Gipsies, the Pa- 
riahs, the Blieels, the Goonds, the Coolees, and iShanars of 
Eastern Asia, and many others the world over, all of whom 
refuse to assimilate, or by the laws of nature cannot be 
made homogeneous. The Dutch in America remain suffi- 
ciently distinct, after centuries of continuous residence here 
as to be known, in certain sections, by sight and speech, 
and in the course of time, it is highly probable, may return 
to original type and language, more especially so should 
the States or sections at any time in the far future become 
seperate jurisdictions. 

The races of mankind follow the laws of nature, as much 
so as the other living things of Earth. There are beasts of 
prey, birds of prey, reptiles of prey, insects of prey, and 
fishes of prey, even from the largest to the smallest — and 
their opposite •. Creatures of similitude might be supposed 
to feed upon the same kind of food, for who could teli from 
appearances Avhy hawks should not feed on garbage as the 
ravens, or bears on grass as the ox and horse, or why should 
not the lion and tiger live as the bear, or again, v.diy should 
the hornet prefer tlie fly for food instead of rhe honey of 
the flower, as the bee, it seems to be she food that crea- 
tures feed on that determines their condition of life and 
their perfect adaptation to the same, and this is 
fixed by the law of nature, and though we may attempt to 
dam out this fixed principle on one side it will flow in on 
the other unalterably. One snake, it is said, will swallow 
another snake in the absence of more choice food, we will 
suppose, and it is claimed the Boa Constrictor will drink 
cows milk with avidity if it cannot get a hare or a kid and 
when the mmi of prey is debarred the food he most likes, 
— flesh, bloody and uncooked, and human flesh at that, he 
may be taught to eat vegetables and fruits; but of all sub- 
stitutes, the one most distasteful to him is ''dry bread," — 
which is "the staff of life" to the civilized white man. 
The negro has an instinctive craving after human flesh 
over all other kind of food, and which he ultimately finds, 
if left alone, and untrammelled, to seek it Such is his 
condition, if we are to credit the accounts of recent trav- 
ellers and v/riters from the interior of Africa, and the West 
India Islands. This is also the exact condition of the 
Australian and South Sea Islanders. While we nowhere 
read in history th'it the Aryan race was ever addicted to 
this lothesome habit. 

There is no such thing as onensss in the races, as we now 
see them, whatever may have been primordialiy their 
condition. It should be remembered that America is not 
the first and only civilized nation of people on Earth, nor 



has she numbered centuries to enable her to determine of 
herself the absolute status of this type of man, conti-ary to 
history and known facts. We are told that the leopard 
cannot change his spots, nor the Ethiopian his skin, i. e., 
the negro his black color, any more than he can his san- 
guinary cannibal appetite, in the interior of "the Dark 
Continent ;" and just as difficult will it be found to make 
a highly civilized citizen of him. The experiment may be 
and, perhaps, ought to be fairly tried, or not at all, sepa- 
rate and a.part from overpowering surronnding interfer- 
ence, otherwise it will surely be a failure with injurious 
effect to the experimenters. 

These may be regarded as gloomy and discouraging 
views and comments, but should they be put to the test 
ami x^rove erroneous, they can do no harm ; for that effi- 
cient and filial test the author feels the deepest solicitude, 
although it can never take place 'in his time and day. 

It matters not whether this peculiarity comes by selec- 
tion and long usage, or whether innate from the beginning, 
it is unnecessary to inquire here, suffice it to say, it is, as 
we observe it, fixed nature, with all living things, and why 
not man ? And hence we cannot see any possible chance, 
by the use of any artiiicial means, or' fo)ced measures, 
within the rea/jh and power of man to change this, were 
it at ail desirable to do so, which it cannor be,— else the 
All-wise woukl have made them differently. These funda • 
mental race differences are the source, Mnd it may be said 
the just source, of all race prejudices, dislikes and incura- 
ble incongruities, with no possible hope of a change, and 
hence again the duty arises of setting apart and colonizing 
the negro population of the United States as the only al- 
ternative, out side of total extermination, or modified rer 
enslavement, so much to be dreaded in the long lapse of 
time. 

By such a course civilized man will have done his whole 
duty towards this lower order of man, and hereafter will 
dir^cern his proper course by simply everywhere letting 
him alone, Avhen not in the way, and by promptly remov- 
ing or eontroling him where he is, on the other hand when- 
ever the savage, or semi civilized man voluntarily asks for 
reasonable aid, instruction, or assistance, yield it to him, 
if it be convenient and prudent to do so, should such aid 
&c , be properly appreciated, that would be fulfillingour 
Avhole duty towards that clas-s of mankind. If there be 
any good in him, he will improve by example,butif not, no 
force will bring it forth, and to hot bed it out of him, as it 
v.-ere, against nature up to our standard, if it could be done 
at all, is no part of our duty and is flving in the face of 
Deity. 



. 10 

The savage requires to he coerced before lie can be 
taught usei'uhiess or becomes half civilized even, and 
witli some races that fails after ages of trial. Therefore 
so long as they keep to themselves it will be best to let 
them severly alone— as race — tribal, or national civiliza 
tion is a work of very slow grov/th at best, and is 
necessarily so in order to be permanent, and must come 
from inherent evolution, built upon time and recognized 
neceseity, passively inculcated, not forced, nor imported 
of exotic fungus growth. 

All experiments or inovatlons upon race habits and cus- 
toms must fail, if not in some way first invited and compre- 
hended on the part of the race operated upon " Do men 
gather grapes of thorns, or h^rs of thistles ?^' furthermore we 
are admonished against throwing '• pearls before swine," 
&c. There is a civliz ition that does not civilize, and a Chris- 
tianity that does not christianize, and here we have it. 

instead oi hudrHing the various races of mankind to 
gether as in the United Statt-s of America the rule should 
be to carefully separate from all race admixture where 
nature has so distinctly marked it as such, for whenever 
we run counter to the lav/s of nature there we make con- 
fusion. '■ iS"ature abhors'' confusion as stoutly as she 
does -a, ^' vacuum'^ {ill the langup.ge of the older philoso- 
phers.) To a patriotic ear it is a startling cry, to hear, in 
this land, politicians often prating of " the German vote,"' 
"the Irish vote," and ' the negro vote," it sounds ominous 
of overthrow of principles, and perhaps of governmjnt it- 
self, especially if the last named race shall remain, multiply 
and replenish as before indicated. That is the object of 
this effort, and the highest duty of this nation, to prevent, 
— the word nation here means the dominant Caucasian 
Anglo Saxon race of people and nobody else 

It seems to be as much as the Caucasian, the highest 
type of man, can do to keep his own head well above 
water, working with the very best of material. 

" Setting: iiis staff with ail his sliill to keep him sicker, 
Tho' leewards whiles agaiast his will he takes a bicker." 

Civilization, like "liberty requires eternal vigilence." 
The negro neither possesses this forecast nor appreciation 
if we are to judge of him by what we know of him in the 
history of the past Then v.^hat obliquity of judgment is 
it, that bewilders some men's minds to be ever seeking to 
work upon the very refuse of nature, among the genus 
homo, far off from their own kith and kin, in many known 
instances, to the neglect of their own offspring at home, 
sacrificing their time, labor and means, utjon impossibiii- 



17 

ties, all such ought not to be classed higher in the scale of 
humanitarianism than benighted fanatics, or " cranks,''' 
who seem to think God has created certain men, 
after their race kind, so horridly bad in " the get up,'' that 
unless these are taken in hand and "shaped up" by such 
experts to ruit their views, there will be a catastrophe; 
the Maker, as they seem to think, being unable or un^yill- 
ing, to do more in the matter, and that somebody else is to 
be held responsible for ciU such barbarism ; a natural condi- 
tio: '.that it has not been His good pleasure to alter, or 
make otherwise It is self evident that because some races 
have worked out for themselves, by the faculties given 
them, a higher civilization, they cannot beheld responsible 
in any respect for the condition of others, and to argue 
otherwise, as some do, is to confound all common sense and 
to yield the whole question at issue completely. It is some- 
what puzzling to say which of the two characters is to be 
most laughed at, the fanaUccd exjjtrt, or mere manbrtite, 
which latter is the former's object of affected sympathy 
to the entire exchision of all others who have a kiAvful and 
natural right to claim his or their attention and alTection- 
ate regard, but receive it not Dr David Livingston, the 
great African traveller and explorer, 'ragged a devoted and 
loving wife into the deadly pestilential wilds of tropical 
interior Africa ;ind buried her under a '' JBoahabtre^,'''' and 
then left his orphan children at home to shift as they could 
Avithout a father's protection, and lastly perished himself 
in the Lago ns and swamps of a trackless country amid a 
tameless barbarism, and the only good he ever accom- 
plished, so far as can be seen, v»'as to trace the upper 
sources of the Kiver Nile, a few leagues further south than 
was done by his countryman, James Bruce, over a hundred 
year^ ago. (The writer, in 1851, had the opportunity of 
meeting and conversing with this noted traveller on board 
a lied Sea steamer, he then being just out of Africa and on 
his way to Egypt, in order to re-enter "the Dark Conti- 
nent '■) w^ho says, in his journal, "The Arabs of Zanzibar 
are Arabs just as they would be anywhere on Earth, the 
Arab never changes, wherever he goes he carries the cus- 
toms, dress and characteristic peculiarities wliich distin- 
guish the exactest representaiion of his race in their own 
countries,"' which adds another proof, were it wanted, of 
the unalterable nature of all distinct races of men. An- 
other distinguished and learned v.'riter has said " At some 
future period, not very distant, as measured by centuries, 
the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate 
and replace the savage races throughout the world At 
the same time the anthroi)omorphous apes, as I^rofessor 



18 

Shaaffhausen has remarked, will, no doubt, be extermi- 
nated. The break between man and his nearest allies 
will then be wider, for it will intervene between man in a 
more civilized state, as we may hope, even than the Cau- 
casia.n and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as now 
between the negro, or Australian and the gorilla." 

The unpleasant conclusion is forced upon the mind that 
cannibalism-^ is freely indulged, in many parts of interior 
Africa to this day, by the natives, and it seems highly prob- 
able, were it not for the ' slave cracle,'" now chiefly carried 
on by Arab traders, which helps to keep down population, 
ma 't, bating ^YOu\d be almost universal among them but 
for this and European inlluence and interference, on the 
coasts, a.nd in Southern and j>Torthern Africa, this barba- 
rian habit would exist f i om the most Southern Cape to the 
confines of Egypt and the Saharas, as rife as at any former 
period in the history of that degraded people, and would 
if left entirely alone be speedily re umed, there can be no 
good reason to doubt. The slave trade as formerly con- 
fined to the frontiers and coasts, and now carried on 
in the interior, is cruel and shoe ^ing to the sense of civi- 
lized man, but to the natives this must be a preferable 
fate, of some ap})reciuble value, in their escaping a v\^orse 
doom, often intiicted by their own chiefs, in the s aughier 
pens and shambles of central Africa, upon large nuinbers 
of victims of both sexes, but principally women and youths, 
to sa,tlate the tiger like a[}petite of this prognothous race. 
With us, ail such crime and brutality would be cJassed cis mur 
der and punished with death. We have no means of knov/- 
ing, however, in the absence of this restraint, what would 
be the outcome, in this rega,rd, with the negro population in 
America. We knovv' enough to be convinced of the incom- 
patibility of the two races living together in peace and 
harmony under political equality, wdth a constant tendencj^ 
to infringe upon impossible social equality, othervv^ise 
thai) mongrelism and universal ruin as a nation and as a 
people 

it is fully admitted, by ethnologists, that the negro is a 
tropical race, and hence should be located in a c imate 
that suits liim best let the man and nature harmonize as near 
as may be for his future good. It is not intended to make 
this a scientific treatise by any means, yet it may be here 
stated as a fact by those vmo have fully investigated this 
subject, that ' the brain of the Caucasian averages ninety- 
two cubic inches ; that of the negro seoeidy-jive to eighty- 
fioe inches." V'^hicli gives a general average of fifteen per 
cent, in favor of the Caucasian race intellectually, this 
difference, like an "inch in a man's nose," is very great. 



19 

The author of this treatise has been anxiously waiting 
and hoping that some abler hand than his would have 
taken hold of this momentous question of national breadth 
and brought it before the Government and all the people in 
such a comprehensive and adequate form as to attract the 
attention of the entire country and so to make it the all 
absorbing question of the age, and thereby secure for it 
universal assent and approval; such, doubtless, would have 
been the case but for the complex condition of political 
sentiment among us. All parties seem rigidly to steer clear 
of all measures that do not promise political strength, 
whatever may be the gravity and meritorious necessity for 
the adoption of such measures. They are reciprocally too 
suspicious of each other either for good government, or 
concert of action, upon really national measures of the 
deepest and gravest concern This appeal and imperfect 
presentation of facts is, therefore, made to all the people 
of a common country, just at a time when a great and 
heated political contest will have been settled atthe ballot 
box, and the calm judgment of the :N"cition may be solicited 
upon an ai^proaching issue greater than any the country 
has hitherto known. 

To undertake to establish citizenship upon the basis of 
political equality— the only one this Republic could adopt 
—where there are unalterable natural barriers to prevent, 
must strike every order of mind with convincing force and 
paradoxical absurdity of the success of such experiment. 

The following article is clipped from the Baltimore SiDi 
of January 27th, 1888, as tending to the same point, but 
the scheme set forth therein is wholly inadequate to ac- 
complish the ends in view : 

•Thk Proposed Colqred Exodus to South AjiERrcA. — V special from 
IndianaDClis says : ' Col. A A. Jones, of the State auditor's office, who is 
coonecte i with the litest proposed exoJus of negroes from the Southern 
States to South America, talks freely about the scheme. He is an active 
friend of all mov'imeuts for the impiovemcnt of the condition of his race 
nd was ensraged in the fii'>t exodus of 1879. He acoomp-vnied Governor 
uamberhiin. together with several colored men, to South Carolina from 
lassachu-^ettes and entered heartily into that move'rent. * This exodus, 
ne said, "will be (ffectualiy i.ushed, and hj May 1 we expect to get our 
first party on the road. There are no hi^adquarters as yet. The move- 
ment is very young— less than a month old so far a-j active work is con- 
c-irned. Headquarters will be established probablv in New York. Wo 
shall have three agents m Cincinnati, one ;:t St. Louis and one at Chicago. 
I am agent at th's pomt v<'e hive some of the best people in the country 
interested— men who are willing to ^o down into their Dockets for the 
relief of their oppressed brethren We have some colored people in this 
country pr«itty well fixed, an-i they are committed to the work. There is 
no fixed amount of capital. We hope to acco-nplish by the exodus, first 
and foremost, protection Thi , is not a questiim o' politics a* the bottom, 
altdou?!! it will, of course, have some political bearing. Why, do you 
know that in the last fifteen years 'i8,000 black people have been killed In 



20 

the South for their politiCdl opinion^! and notbinir has been done to rem- 
edy the maiter? It is life or death with us prim-trily. We are tired of 
having Kepresentatives in Conjjress upon a voting population that has no 
representation. There is no other re.-cedy; so we p"opose to pull out. 
The colored man has developed and made the South what it is, and the 
white laborer could not and cannot do the work that our people do. The 
Southerners will find the difference/ when they have to use white labor. 
We have selected South America for a location because of its climate and 
the adaptability of the soil to produce aiticles such as the colored people 
are accustomfd to raising. We have investigated ttie couutrv and re- 
ceived favorable reports Our people do not want to come North and 
West becau^je of the climatic conditions and because the prejudice 
against a black face follows them even there In South America, as well 
as in some other parts of the world, the color of the skin does not bar a 
man out of the race for the best We sball start our emigrants from 
Eastern points I can't speak any more definitely now than to say that a 
Boston line running to Brazil will carry passengers at S14 a head That 
certainly is cheap enough. We have agents at work in the South now,and 
we shall get as many emigrants as possible out of Mississippi, Louisiana 
and Alabama, while not neglecting Missouri and Kentucky, and if there is 
not a big emigration before next summer, then I miss my guess.' " 



On page five, line fourteen from the top, omit the words 
"male and female;" line forty-one on same page, for 
abhorent, read abhorrent; on page six, hne five, for 
descent, read decent; on same page, line thirty-eight, for 
seperate, read separate. In places of imperfect typogra- 
phy and punctuation, the reader will supply the needed 
emendation in this copy. 



« + 






